Product Name

Pyrazinamide

Name: Pyrazinamide - LGM Pharma
SKU: 98-96-4

CAS Number

98-96-4

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Product Name:

Pyrazinamide

CAS Number:

98-96-4

Indication:

For the initial treatment of active tuberculosis in adults and children when combined with other antituberculous agents.

Mode of Action:

Pyrazinamide is an important sterilizing prodrug that shortens tuberculosis (TB) therapy. However, the mechanism of action of pyrazinamide is poorly understood because of its unusual properties. In literature it has been written that the pyrazinoic acid (POA), the active moiety of pyrazinamide, disrupted membrane energetics and inhibited membrane transport function at acid pH in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The antimycobacterial activity appears to partly depend on conversion of the drug to POA. Susceptible strains of M. tuberculosis produce pyrazinamidase, an enzyme that deaminates pyrazinamide to POA, and the vitro susceptibility of a given strain of the organism appears to correspond to its pyrazinamidase activity. Experimental evidence suggests that pyrazinamide diffuses into M. tuberculosis in a passive manner, is converted into POA by pyrazinamidase, and because of an inefficient efflux system, accumulates in huge amounts in the bacterial cytoplasm. The accumulation of POA lowers the intracellular pH to a suboptimal level that is likely to inactivate a vital target enzyme such as fatty acid synthase. Recent studies (2007) demonstrated that pyrazinamide and its analogs inhibit the activity of purified FAS I.

Pharmacodynamics:

Pyrazinamide kills or stops the growth of certain bacteria that cause tuberculosis (TB). It is used with other drugs to treat tuberculosis. It is a highly specific agent and is active only against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In vitro and in vivo, the drug is active only at a slightly acid pH. Pyrazinamie gets activated to Pyrazinoic acid in the bacilli where it interferes with fatty acid synthase FAS I. This interferes with the bacteriums ability to synthesize new fatty acids, required for growth and replication.

Metabolism:

Hepatic.

Toxicity:

Side effects include liver injury, arthralgias, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, dysuria, malaise and fever, sideroblastic anemia, adverse effects on the blood clotting mechanism or vascular integrity, and hypersensitivity reactions such as urticaria, pruritis and skin rashes.

IUPAC:

pyrazine-2-carboxamide

ATC:

J04AK01

PubChem:

1046

DrugBank:

DB00339 (APRD01206)

Formula:

C₂₈H₂₇NO₄S

Molecular Mass:

123.1127

Synonyms:

Pirazimida Pirazinamid Pyrazinamdie Pyrazine carboxylamide Pyrazineamide Pyrazinecarboxamide Pyrazinecarboxylic acid amide Pyrazinoic acid amide PZA

SMILES:

NC(=O)C1=NC=CN=C1

AHFS Code:

08:16.0

InChi:

IPEHBUMCGVEMRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

General Reference:

Controlled trial of four thrice-weekly regimens and a daily regimen all given for 6 months for pulmonary tuberculosis. Lancet. 1981 Jan 24;1(8213):171-4. Pubmed
Controlled clinical trial of 4 short-couse regimens of chemotherapy (three 6-month and one 8-month) for pulmonary tuberculosis. Tubercle. 1983 Sep;64(3):153-66. Pubmed
A controlled trial of 6 monthsê chemotherapy in pulmonary tuberculosis. Final report: results during the 36 months after the end of chemotherapy and beyond. British Thoracic Society. Br J Dis Chest. 1984 Oct;78(4):330-6. Pubmed
Yee D, Valiquette C, Pelletier M, Parisien I, Rocher I, Menzies D: Incidence of serious side effects from first-line antituberculosis drugs among patients treated for active tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 Jun 1;167(11):1472-7. Epub 2003 Jan 31. Pubmed

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Pyrazinamide

98-96-4

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