Product Name

Nepafenac

CAS Number

78281-72-8

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Product Name:
Nepafenac
CAS Number:
78281-72-8
Indication:
For the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery.
Mode of Action:

Nepafenac is a prodrug. After penetrating the cornea, nepafenac undergoes rapid bioactivation to amfenac, which is a potent NSAID that uniformly inhibits the COX1 and COX2 activity.

Pharmacodynamics:

Low but quantifiable plasma concentrations of nepafenac and amfenac were observed in the majority of subjects 2 and 3 hours postdose, respectively, following bilateral topical ocular TID dosing of nepafenac ophthalmic suspension, 0.1%. The mean steady-state Cmax for nepafenac and for amfenac were 0.310 ± 0.104 ng/ml and 0.422 ± 0.121 ng/ml, respectively, following ocular administration.

Metabolism:

Nepafenac (prodrug) is deaminated to amfenac (active compound) in the ciliary body epithelium, retina, and choroid by intraocular hydrolases. Subsequently, amfenac undergoes extensive metabolism to more polar metabolites involving hydroxylation of the aromatic ring leading to glucuronide conjugate formation.

Toxicity:

Ocularly applied non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may cause increased bleeding of ocular tissues (including hyphemas) in conjunction with ocular surgery.

IUPAC:
Benzeneacetamide, 2-amino-3-benzoyl-
ATC:
S01BC10
PubChem:
151075
DrugBank:
DB06802
Formula:
C15-H14-N2-O2
Molecular Mass:
254.288
Synonyms:
2-(2-Amino-3-benzoylphenyl)acetamide, 2-Amino-3-benzoylbenzeneacetamide, AHR 9434, AHR-9434, AL 6515, AL-6515, Ilevro, Nepafenac, Nevanac, UNII-0J9L7J6V8C
SMILES:
c1ccc(C(=O)c2c(c(ccc2)CC(N)=O)N)cc1
InChi:
1S/C15H14N2O2/c16-13(18)9-11-7-4-8-12(14(11)17)15(19)10-5-2-1-3-6-10/h1-8H,9,17H2,(H2,16,18)
General Reference:
General Reference:

  1. Gamache DA, Graff G, Brady MT, Spellman JM, Yanni JM: Nepafenac, a unique nonsteroidal prodrug with potential utility in the treatment of trauma-induced ocular inflammation: I. Assessment of anti-inflammatory efficacy. Inflammation. 2000 Aug;24(4):357-70. Pubmed
  2. Ke TL, Graff G, Spellman JM, Yanni JM: Nepafenac, a unique nonsteroidal prodrug with potential utility in the treatment of trauma-induced ocular inflammation: II. In vitro bioactivation and permeation of external ocular barriers. Inflammation. 2000 Aug;24(4):371-84. Pubmed
  3. Lane SS, Modi SS, Lehmann RP, Holland EJ: Nepafenac ophthalmic suspension 0.1% for the prevention and treatment of ocular inflammation associated with cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007 Jan;33(1):53-8. Pubmed
  4. Walters T, Raizman M, Ernest P, Gayton J, Lehmann R: In vivo pharmacokinetics and in vitro pharmacodynamics of nepafenac, amfenac, ketorolac, and bromfenac. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007 Sep;33(9):1539-45. Pubmed
  5. Bucci FA Jr, Waterbury LD: Re: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nepafenac, amfenac, ketorolac, and bromfenac. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008 Aug;34(8):1226; author reply 1226-7. Pubmed
  6. Summary Basis of Decision (SBD): NEVANAC. Health Canada

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