Product Name

Miglitol

CAS Number

72432-03-02

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Product Name:
Miglitol
CAS Number:
72432-03-02
Indication:
For use as an adjunct to diet to improve glycemic control in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) whose hyperglycemia cannot be managed with diet alone.
Mode of Action:

In contrast to sulfonylureas, miglitol does not enhance insulin secretion. The antihyperglycemic action of miglitol results from a reversible inhibition of membrane-bound intestinal a-glucoside hydrolase enzymes. Membrane-bound intestinal a-glucosidases hydrolyze oligosaccharides and disaccharides to glucose and other monosaccharides in the brush border of the small intestine. In diabetic patients, this enzyme inhibition results in delayed glucose absorption and lowering of postprandial hyperglycemia.

Pharmacodynamics:

Miglitol, an oral alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, is a desoxynojirimycin derivative that delays the digestion of ingested carbohydrates, thereby resulting in a smaller rise in blood glucose concentration following meals. As a consequence of plasma glucose reduction, miglitol reduce levels of glycosylated hemoglobin in patients with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Systemic nonenzymatic protein glycosylation, as reflected by levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, is a function of average blood glucose concentration over time. Because its mechanism of action is different, the effect of miglitol to enhance glycemic control is additive to that of sulfonylureas when used in combination. In addition, miglitol diminishes the insulinotropic and weight-increasing effects of sulfonylureas. Miglitol has minor inhibitory activity against lactase and consequently, at the recommended doses, would not be expected to induce lactose intolerance.

Metabolism:

Miglitol is not metabolized in man or in any animal species studied.

Toxicity:

Unlike sulfonylureas or insulin, an overdose will not result in hypoglycemia. An overdose may result in transient increases in flatulence, diarrhea, and abdomi-nal discomfort. Because of the lack of extra-intestinal effects seen with miglitol, no serious systemic reactions are expected in the event of an overdose.

IUPAC:
(2R, 3R, 4R, 5S)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3, 4, 5-triol
ATC:
A10BF02
PubChem:
441314
DrugBank:
DB00491 (APRD01117)
Formula:
C22H38O5
Molecular Mass:
207.2243
SMILES:
OCCN1C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1CO
InChi:
IBAQFPQHRJAVAV-ULAWRXDQSA-N

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