Product Name

Fluocinolone Acetonide

CAS Number

67-73-2

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Product Name:
Fluocinolone Acetonide
CAS Number:
67-73-2
Indication:
For the relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. Also for the treatment of chronic non-infectious uveitis affecting the posterior segment of the eye (Retisert).
Mode of Action:

Fluocinolone Acetonide is a corticosteroid that binds to the cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor. After binding the receptor the newly formed receptor-ligand complex translocates itself into the cell nucleus, where it binds to many glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) in the promoter region of the target genes. The DNA bound receptor then interacts with basic transcription factors, causing the increase in expression of specific target genes. The anti-inflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve lipocortins, phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins which, through inhibition arachidonic acid, control the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Specifically glucocorticoids induce lipocortin-1 (annexin-1) synthesis, which then binds to cell membranes preventing the phospholipase A2 from coming into contact with its substrate arachidonic acid. This leads to diminished eicosanoid production. Cyclooxygenase (both COX-1 and COX-2) expression is also suppressed, potentiating the effect. In another words, the two main products in inflammation Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes are inhibited by the action of Glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids also stimulate the lipocortin-1 escaping to the extracellular space, where it binds to the leukocyte membrane receptors and inhibits various inflammatory events: epithelial adhesion, emigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, respiratory burst and the release of various inflammatory mediators (lysosomal enzymes, cytokines, tissue plasminogen activator, chemokines etc.) from neutrophils, macrophages and mastocytes. Additionally the immune system is suppressed by corticosteroids due to a decrease in the function of the lymphatic system, a reduction in immunoglobulin and complement concentrations, the precipitation of lymphocytopenia, and interference with antigen-antibody binding. Like other glucocorticoid agents Fluocinolone acetonide acts as a physiological antagonist to insulin by decreasing glycogenesis (formation of glycogen). It also promotes the breakdown of lipids (lipolysis), and proteins, leading to the mobilization of extrahepatic amino acids and ketone bodies. This leads to increased circulating glucose concentrations (in the blood). There is also decreased glycogen formation in the liver.

Metabolism:

Primarily hepatic, corticosteroids are metabolized primarily in the liver and are then excreted by the kidneys.

IUPAC:
(1S, 2S, 4R, 8S, 9S, 11S, 12R, 13S, 19S)-12, 19-difluoro-11-hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-6, 6, 9, 13-tetramethyl-5, 7-dioxapentacyclo[10.8.0.0, {2, 9}.0, {4, 8}.0, {13, 18}]icosa-14, 17-dien-16-one
ATC:
C05AA10 D07AC04 S01BA15 S02BA08
PubChem:
6215
DrugBank:
DB00591 (APRD00977)
Formula:
C24H26FNO4
Molecular Mass:
452.4882
Synonyms:
flucinolone Fluocinolonacetonidum Fluocinolone acetonide [DCIT] Fluocinoloni acetonidum [INN-Latin]
SMILES:
CC1(C)O[C@@H]2C[C@H]3[C@@H]4C[C@H](F)C5=CC(=O)C=C[C@]5(C)[C@@]4(F)[C@@H](O)C[C@]3(C)[C@@]2(O1)C(=O)CO
AHFS Code:
24:06.0
InChi:
FEBLZLNTKCEFIT-VSXGLTOVSA-N
General Reference:
General Reference:

  1. Goldstein DA, Godfrey DG, Hall A, Callanan DG, Jaffe GJ, Pearson PA, Usner DW, Comstock TL: Intraocular pressure in patients with uveitis treated with fluocinolone acetonide implants. Arch Ophthalmol. 2007 Nov;125(11):1478-85. Epub 2007 Oct 8. Pubmed
  2. Brumm MV, Nguyen QD: Fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal sustained release deviceãa new addition to the armamentarium of uveitic management. Int J Nanomedicine. 2007;2(1):55-64. Pubmed
  3. Jaffe GJ, Yang CH, Guo H, Denny JP, Lima C, Ashton P: Safety and pharmacokinetics of an intraocular fluocinolone acetonide sustained delivery device. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000 Oct;41(11):3569-75. Pubmed

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