Product Name

Doxorubicin Hydrochloride

Name: Doxorubicin Hydrochloride - LGM Pharma
SKU: 25316-40-9

CAS Number

25316-40-9

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Product Name:

Doxorubicin Hydrochloride

CAS Number:

25316-40-9

Indication:

Doxorubicin is used to produce regression in disseminated neoplastic conditions like acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia, Wilms’ tumor, neuroblastoma, soft tissue and bone sarcomas, breast carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, transitional cell bladder carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, Hodgkin’s disease, malignant lymphoma and bronchogenic carcinoma in which the small cell histologic type is the most responsive compared to other cell types. Doxorubicin is also indicated for use as a component of adjuvant therapy in women with evidence of axillary lymph node involvement following resection of primary breast cancer.

Mode of Action:

Doxorubicin has antimitotic and cytotoxic activity through a number of proposed mechanisms of action: Doxorubicin forms complexes with DNA by intercalation between base pairs, and it inhibits topoisomerase II activity by stabilizing the DNA-topoisomerase II complex, preventing the religation portion of the ligation-religation reaction that topoisomerase II catalyzes.

Pharmacodynamics:

Doxorubicin is an antineoplastic in the anthracycline class. General properties of drugs in this class include: interaction with DNA in a variety of different ways including intercalation (squeezing between the base pairs), DNA strand breakage and inhibition with the enzyme topoisomerase II. Most of these compounds have been isolated from natural sources and antibiotics. However, they lack the specificity of the antimicrobial antibiotics and thus produce significant toxicity. The anthracyclines are among the most important antitumor drugs available. Doxorubicin is widely used for the treatment of several solid tumors while daunorubicin and idarubicin are used exclusively for the treatment of leukemia. Doxorubicin may also inhibit polymerase activity, affect regulation of gene expression, and produce free radical damage to DNA. Doxorubicin possesses an antitumor effect against a wide spectrum of tumors, either grafted or spontaneous. The anthracyclines are cell cycle-nonspecific.

Metabolism:

Doxorubicin is capable of undergoing 3 metabolic routes: one-electron reduction, two-electron reduction, and deglycosidation. However, approximately half of the dose is eliminated from the body unchanged. Two electron reduction yields doxorubicinol, a secondary alcohol. This pathway is considered the primary metabolic pathway. The one electron reduction is facilitated by several oxidoreductases to form a doxirubicin-semiquinone radical. These enzymes include mitochondrial and cystolic NADPH dehydrogenates, xanthine oxidase, and nitric oxide synthases. Deglycosidation is a minor metabolic pathway (1-2% of the dose undergoes this pathway). The resultant metabolites are deoxyaglycone or hydroxyaglycone formed via reduction or hydrolysis respectively. Enzymes that may be involved with this pathway include xanthine oxidase, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, and cytosolic NADPH dehydrogenase.

Toxicity:

LD₅₀=21800 ug/kg (rat, subcutaneous)

IUPAC:

(8S, 10S)-10-(4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)-6, 8, 11-trihydroxy-8-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-1-methoxy-7, 8, 9, 10-tetrahydrotetracene-5, 12-dione

ATC:

L01DB01

PubChem:

31703

DrugBank:

DB00997

Formula:

C27-H29-N-O11.Cl-H

Molecular Mass:

579.983

Synonyms:

(8S,10S)-10-((3-Amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy)-8-glycoloyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,8,11-trihydroxy-1-methoxy-5,12-naphthacenedione hydrochloride, ADM hydrochloride, Adriacin, Adriamycin, Adriamycin PFS, Adriamycin RDF, Adriblastin, Adriblastina, Adrosal, Caelyx, CCRIS 740, Doxil, Doxorubicin HCl, Doxorubicin hydrochloride, Duxocin, EINECS 246-818-3, FI 6804, Hydroxydaunorubicin hydrochloride, KW-125, Lipo-Dox, Lipodox, NSC 123127, Rubex, UNII-82F2G7BL4E

SMILES:

C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](Cc3c2c(c4c(c3O)C(=O)c5cccc(c5C4=O)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)O.Cl

AHFS Code:

10:00.0

InChi:

1S/C27H29NO11.ClH/c1-10-22(31)13(28)6-17(38-10)39-15-8-27(36,16(30)9-29)7-12-19(15)26(35)21-20(24(12)33)23(32)11-4-3-5-14(37-2)18(11)25(21)34;/h3-5,10,13,15,17,22,29,31,33,35-36H,6-9,28H2,1-2H3;1H/t10-,13-,15-,17-,22+,27-;/m0./s1

General Reference:

Weiss RB: The anthracyclines: will we ever find a better doxorubicin? Semin Oncol. 1992 Dec;19(6):670-86. Pubmed
Tan C, Tasaka H, Yu KP, Murphy ML, Karnofsky DA: Daunomycin, an antitumor antibiotic, in the treatment of neoplastic disease. Clinical evaluation with special reference to childhood leukemia. Cancer. 1967 Mar;20(3):333-53. Pubmed
Arcamone F, Cassinelli G, Fantini G, Grein A, Orezzi P, Pol C, Spalla C: Adriamycin, 14-hydroxydaunomycin, a new antitumor antibiotic from S. peucetius var. caesius. Biotechnol Bioeng. 1969 Nov;11(6):1101-10. Pubmed
Di Marco A, Gaetani M, Scarpinato B: Adriamycin (NSC-123, 127): a new antibiotic with antitumor activity. Cancer Chemother Rep. 1969 Feb;53(1):33-7. Pubmed
Lomovskaya N, Otten SL, Doi-Katayama Y, Fonstein L, Liu XC, Takatsu T, Inventi-Solari A, Filippini S, Torti F, Colombo AL, Hutchinson CR: Doxorubicin overproduction in Streptomyces peucetius: cloning and characterization of the dnrU ketoreductase and dnrV genes and the doxA cytochrome P-450 hydroxylase gene. J Bacteriol. 1999 Jan;181(1):305-18. Pubmed
Mordente A, Meucci E, Silvestrini A, Martorana GE, Giardina B: New developments in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(13):1656-72. Pubmed
Minotti G: Reactions of adriamycin with microsomal iron and lipids. Free Radic Res Commun. 1989;7(3-6):143-8. Pubmed

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Doxorubicin Hydrochloride

25316-40-9

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