Product Name

Clarithromycin

Name: Clarithromycin - LGM Pharma
SKU: 81103-11-9

CAS Number

81103-11-9

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Product Name:

Clarithromycin

CAS Number:

81103-11-9

Indication:

An alternative medication for the treatment of acute otitis media caused by H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, or S. pneumoniae in patients with a history of type I penicillin hypersensitivity. Also for the treatment of pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by susceptible Streptococcus pyogenes, as well as respiratory tract infections including acute maxillary sinusitis, acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, mild to moderate community-acquired pneuomia, Legionnaires' disease, and pertussis. Other indications include treatment of uncomplicated skin or skin structure infections, helicobacter pylori infection, duodenal ulcer disease, bartonella infections, early Lyme disease, and encephalitis caused by Toxoplasma gondii (in HIV infected patients in conjunction with pyrimethamine). Clarithromycin may also decrease the incidence of cryptosporidiosis, prevent the occurence of _-hemolytic (viridans group) streptococcal endocarditis, as well as serve as a primary prevention for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) bacteremia or disseminated infections (in adults, adolescents, and children with advanced HIV infection).

Mode of Action:

Clarithromycin is first metabolized to 14-OH clarithromycin, which is active and works synergistically with its parent compound. Like other macrolides, it then penetrates bacteria cell wall and reversibly binds to domain V of the 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, blocking translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and polypeptide synthesis. Clarithromycin also inhibits the hepatic microsomal CYP3A4 isoenzyme and P-glycoprotein, an energy-dependent drug efflux pump.

Pharmacodynamics:

Clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic whose spectrum of activity includes many gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, S. pneumoniae, and S. pyogenes) and gram-negative aerobic bacteria (Haemophilus influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis), many anaerobic bacteria, some mycobacteria, and some other organisms including Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, Chlamydia, Toxoplasma, and Borrelia. Other aerobic bacteria that clarithromycin has activity against include C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae. Clarithromycin has an in-vitro activity that is similar or greater than that of erythromycin against erythromycin-susceptible organisms. Clarithromycin is usually bacteriostatic, but may be bactericidal depending on the organism and the drug concentration.

Metabolism:

Hepatic – predominantly metabolized by CYP3A4 resulting in numerous drug interactions.

Toxicity:

Symptoms of toxicity include diarrhea, nausea, abnormal taste, dyspepsia, and abdominal discomfort. Transient hearing loss with high doses has been observed. Pseudomembraneous colitis has been reported with clarithromycin use. Allergic reactions ranging from urticaria and mild skin eruptions to rare cases of anaphylaxis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome have also occurred. Rare cases of severe hepatic dysfunctions also have been reported. Hepatic failure is usually reversible, but fatalities have been reported. Clarithromycin may also cause tooth decolouration which may be removed by dental cleaning. Fetal abnormalities, such as cardiovascular defects, cleft palate and fetal growth retardation, have been observed in animals. Clarithromycin may cause QT prolongation.

ATC:

J01FA09

PubChem:

84029

DrugBank:

DB01211 (APRD00181)

Formula:

C₂₂H₂₇ClO₃

Molecular Mass:

747.9534

Synonyms:

Clarithromycine Clathromycin

SMILES:

[H][C@@]1(C[C@@](C)(OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O1)O[C@H]1[C@H](C)[C@@H](O[C@]2([H])O[C@H](C)C[C@@H]([C@H]2O)N(C)C)[C@@](C)(C[C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@](C)(O)[C@@H](CC)OC(=O)[C@@H]1C)OC

AHFS Code:

08:12.12.92

InChi:

AGOYDEPGAOXOCK-KCBOHYOISA-N

General Reference:

Malhotra-Kumar S, Lammens C, Coenen S, Van Herck K, Goossens H: Effect of azithromycin and clarithromycin therapy on pharyngeal carriage of macrolide-resistant streptococci in healthy volunteers: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Lancet. 2007 Feb 10;369(9560):482-90. Pubmed
Zuckerman JM, Qamar F, Bono BR: Macrolides, ketolides, and glycylcyclines: azithromycin, clarithromycin, telithromycin, tigecycline. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2009 Dec;23(4):997-1026, ix-x. Pubmed
Piscitelli SC, Danziger LH, Rodvold KA: Clarithromycin and azithromycin: new macrolide antibiotics. Clin Pharm. 1992 Feb;11(2):137-52. Pubmed
Peters DH, Clissold SP: Clarithromycin. A review of its antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential. Drugs. 1992 Jul;44(1):117-64. Pubmed
Clarithromycin. Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2008 Mar;88(2):92-5. Pubmed
Stephenson GA, Stowell JG, Toma PH, Pfeiffer RR, Byrn SR: Solid-state investigations of erythromycin A dihydrate: structure, NMR spectroscopy, and hygroscopicity. J Pharm Sci. 1997 Nov;86(11):1239-44. Pubmed

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Clarithromycin

81103-11-9

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