Product Name

Capecitabine

CAS Number

154361-50-9

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Product Name:
Capecitabine
CAS Number:
154361-50-9
Indication:
For the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer resistant to both paclitaxel and an anthracycline-containing chemotherapy regimen. May also be used in combination with docetaxel for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer in patients who have failed to respond to, or recurred or relasped during or following anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. Capecitabine is used alone as an adjuvant therapy following the complete resection of primary tumor in patients with stage III colon cancer when monotherapy with fluroprymidine is preferred. The use or capecitabine in combination regimens for advanced gastric cancer is currently being investigated.
Mode of Action:

Capecitabine is a prodrug that is selectively tumour-activated to its cytotoxic moiety, fluorouracil, by thymidine phosphorylase, an enzyme found in higher concentrations in many tumors compared to normal tissues or plasma. Fluorouracil is further metabolized to two active metabolites, 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine 5′-monophosphate (FdUMP) and 5-fluorouridine triphosphate (FUTP), within normal and tumour cells. These metabolites cause cell injury by two different mechanisms. First, FdUMP and the folate cofactor, N5-10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, bind to thymidylate synthase (TS) to form a covalently bound ternary complex. This binding inhibits the formation of thymidylate from 2′-deaxyuridylate. Thymidylate is the necessary precursor of thymidine triphosphate, which is essential for the synthesis of DNA, therefore a deficiency of this compound can inhibit cell division. Secondly, nuclear transcriptional enzymes can mistakenly incorporate FUTP in place of uridine triphosphate (UTP) during the synthesis of RNA. This metabolic error can interfere with RNA processing and protein synthesis through the production of fraudulent RNA.

Pharmacodynamics:

Capecitabine is a fluoropyrimidine carbamate with antineoplastic activity indicated for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer and colon cancer. It is an orally administered systemic prodrug that has little pharmacologic activity until it is converted to fluorouracil by enzymes that are expressed in higher concentrations in many tumors. Fluorouracil it then metabolized both normal and tumor cells to 5-fluoro-2_-deoxyuridine 5_-monophosphate (FdUMP) and 5-fluorouridine triphosphate (FUTP).

Metabolism:

Metabolized by thymidine phosphorylase to fluoruracil.

IUPAC:
pentyl N-{1-[(2R, 3R, 4S, 5R)-3, 4-dihydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]-5-fluoro-2-oxo-1, 2-dihydropyrimidin-4-yl}carbamate
ATC:
L01BC06
PubChem:
60953
DrugBank:
DB01101 (APRD00203)
Formula:
C19H15NO6
Molecular Mass:
359.3501
Synonyms:
R340
SMILES:
CCCCCOC(=O)NC1=NC(=O)N(C=C1F)[C@@H]1O[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O
AHFS Code:
10:00.0
InChi:
GAGWJHPBXLXJQN-UORFTKCHSA-N
General Reference:
General Reference:

  1. Walko CM, Lindley C: Capecitabine: a review. Clin Ther. 2005 Jan;27(1):23-44. Pubmed
  2. Wagstaff AJ, Ibbotson T, Goa KL: Capecitabine: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in the management of advanced breast cancer. Drugs. 2003;63(2):217-36. Pubmed
  3. Koukourakis GV, Kouloulias V, Koukourakis MJ, Zacharias GA, Zabatis H, Kouvaris J: Efficacy of the oral fluorouracil pro-drug capecitabine in cancer treatment: a review. Molecules. 2008 Aug 27;13(8):1897-922. Pubmed
  4. Twelves C: Vision of the future: capecitabine. Oncologist. 2001;6 Suppl 4:35-9. Pubmed
  5. Milano G, Ferrero JM, Francois E: Comparative pharmacology of oral fluoropyrimidines: a focus on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pharmacomodulation. Br J Cancer. 2004 Aug 16;91(4):613-7. Pubmed
  6. de Bono JS, Twelves CJ: The oral fluorinated pyrimidines. Invest New Drugs. 2001;19(1):41-59. Pubmed

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