Product Name

Cabergoline

CAS Number

81409-90-7

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Product Name:
Cabergoline
CAS Number:
81409-90-7
Indication:
For the treatment of hyperprolactinemic disorders, either idiopathic or due to prolactinoma (prolactin-secreting adenomas). May also be used to manage symptoms of Parkinsonian Syndrome as monotherapy during initial symptomatic management or as an adjunct to levodopa therapy during advanced stages of disease.
Mode of Action:

The dopamine D_ receptor is a 7-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor associated with Gi proteins. In lactotrophs, stimulation of dopamine D_ causes inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, which decreases intracellular cAMP concentrations and blocks IP3-dependent release of Ca_+ from intracellular stores. Decreases in intracellular calcium levels may also be brought about via inhibition of calcium influx through voltage-gated calcium channels, rather than via inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. Additionally, receptor activation blocks phosphorylation of p4_/p44 MAPK and decreases MAPK/ERK kinase phosphorylation. Inhibition of MAPK appears to be mediated by c-Raf and B-Raf-dependent inhibition of MAPK/ERK kinase. Dopamine-stimulated growth hormone release from the pituitary gland is mediated by a decrease in intracellular calcium influx through voltage-gated calcium channels rather than via adenylyl cyclase inhibition. Stimulation of dopamine D_ receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway leads to improvements in coordinated muscle activity in those with movement disorders. Cabergoline is a long-acting dopamine receptor agonist with a high affinity for D_ receptors. Receptor-binding studies indicate that cabergoline has low affinity for dopamine D_, __, – and __- adrenergic, and 5-HT_- and 5-HT_-serotonin receptors.

Pharmacodynamics:

Cabergoline stimulates centrally-located dopaminergic receptors resulting in a number of pharmacologic effects. Five dopamine receptor types from two dopaminergic subfamilies have been identified. The dopaminergic D1 receptor subfamily consists of D1 and D5 subreceptors, which are associated with dyskinesias. The dopaminergic D2 receptor subfamily consists of D2, D3 and D4 subreceptors, which are associated with improvement of symptoms of movement disorders. Thus, agonist activity specific for D2 subfamily receptors, primarily D2 and D3 receptor subtypes, are the primary targets of dopaminergic antiparkinsonian agents. It is thought that postsynaptic D2 stimulation is primarily responsible for the antiparkinsonian effect of dopamine agonists, while presynaptic D2 stimulation confers neuroprotective effects. This semisynthetic ergot derivative exhibits potent agonist activity on dopamine D2– and D3-receptors. It also exhibits: agonist activity (in order of decreasing binding affinities) on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1D, dopamine D4, 5-HT1A, dopamine D1, 5-HT1B and 5-HT2C receptors and antagonist activity on _2B, _2A, and _2C receptors. Parkinsonian Syndrome manifests when approximately 80% of dopaminergic activity in the nigrostriatal pathway of the brain is lost. As this striatum is involved in modulating the intensity of coordinated muscle activity (e.g. movement, balance, walking), loss of activity may result in dystonia (acute muscle contraction), Parkinsonism (including symptoms of bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and flattened affect), akathesia (inner restlessness), tardive dyskinesia (involuntary muscle movements usually associated with long-term loss of dopaminergic activity), and neuroleptic malignant syndrome, which manifests when complete blockage of nigrostriatal dopamine occurs. High dopaminergic activity in the mesolimbic pathway of the brain causes hallucinations and delusions; these side effects of dopamine agonists are manifestations seen in patients with schizophrenia who have overractivity in this area of the brain. The hallucinogenic side effects of dopamine agonists may also be due to 5-HT2A agonism. The tuberoinfundibular pathway of the brain originates in the hypothalamus and terminates in the pituitary gland. In this pathway, dopamine inhibits lactotrophs in anterior pituitary from secreting prolactin. Increased dopaminergic activity in the tuberoinfundibular pathway inhibits prolactin secretion.

Metabolism:

Hepatic. Cabergoline is extensively metabolized, predominately via hydrolysis of the acylurea bond of the urea moiety. Cytochrome P-450 mediated metabolism appears to be minimal. The main metabolite identified in urine is 6-allyl-8b-carboxy-ergoline (4-6% of dose). Three other metabolites were identified urine (less than 3% of dose).

Toxicity:

Overdosage might be expected to produce nasal congestion, syncope, or hallucinations.

IUPAC:
1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethyl-1-{[(2R, 4R, 7R)-6-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-6, 11-diazatetracyclo[7.6.1.0, {2, 7}.0, {12, 16}]hexadeca-1(16), 9, 12, 14-tetraen-4-yl]carbonyl}urea
ATC:
G02CB03 N04BC06
PubChem:
54746
DrugBank:
DB00248 (APRD00836)
Formula:
C16H17N3O7S2
Molecular Mass:
451.6043
Synonyms:
Cabergolina [Spanish] Cabergolinum [Latin]
SMILES:
CCNC(=O)N(CCCN(C)C)C(=O)[C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H](CC3=CNC4=CC=CC2=C34)N(CC=C)C1
AHFS Code:
28:36.20.04
InChi:
KORNTPPJEAJQIU-KJXAQDMKSA-N
General Reference:
General Reference:

 

  1. Pastor P, Tolosa E: [Cabergoline in the treatment of Parkinsonês disease] Neurologia. 2003 May;18(4):202-9. Pubmed
  2. Curran MP, Perry CM: Cabergoline : a review of its use in the treatment of Parkinsonês disease. Drugs. 2004;64(18):2125-41. Pubmed
  3. Bracco F, Battaglia A, Chouza C, Dupont E, Gershanik O, Marti Masso JF, Montastruc JL: The long-acting dopamine receptor agonist cabergoline in early Parkinsonês disease: final results of a 5-year, double-blind, levodopa-controlled study. CNS Drugs. 2004;18(11):733-46. Pubmed
  4. Miyagi M, Arai N, Taya F, Itoh F, Komatsu Y, Kojima M, Isaji M: Effect of cabergoline, a long-acting dopamine D2 agonist, on reserpine-treated rodents. Biol Pharm Bull. 1996 Nov;19(11):1499-502. Pubmed

 

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