Product Name

Alfacalcidol

CAS Number

41294-56-8

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Product Name:
Alfacalcidol
CAS Number:
41294-56-8
Indication:
Alfacalcidol is an active metabolite of Vitamin D, which performs important functions in regulation of the calcium balance and the bone metabolism.
Mode of Action:

The first step involved in the activation of vitamin D3 is a 25-hydroxylation which is catalysed by the 25-hydroxylase in the liver and then by other enzymes. The mitochondrial sterol 27-hydroxylase catalyses the first reaction in the oxidation of the side chain of sterol intermediates. The active form of vitamin D3 (calcitriol) binds to intracellular receptors that then function as transcription factors to modulate gene expression. Like the receptors for other steroid hormones and thyroid hormones, the vitamin D receptor has hormone-binding and DNA-binding domains. The vitamin D receptor forms a complex with another intracellular receptor, the retinoid-X receptor, and that heterodimer is what binds to DNA. In most cases studied, the effect is to activate transcription, but situations are also known in which vitamin D suppresses transcription. Calcitriol increases the serum calcium concentrations by: increasing GI absorption of phosphorus and calcium, increasing osteoclastic resorption, and increasing distal renal tubular reabsorption of calcium. Calcitriol appears to promote intestinal absorption of calcium through binding to the vitamin D receptor in the mucosal cytoplasm of the intestine. Subsequently, calcium is absorbed through formation of a calcium-binding protein.

Pharmacodynamics:

Alfacalcidol is Vitamin D-hormone analog which is activated by the enzyme 25-hydroxylase in the liver for systemic and in osteoblasts for local D-hormone actions.

Toxicity:

Hypercalcemia – Early symptoms of hypercalcemia, include nausea and vomiting, weakness, headache, somnolence, dry mouth, constipation, metallic taste, muscle pain and bone pain. Late symptoms and signs of hypercalcemia, include polyuria, polydipsia, anorexia, weight loss, nocturia, conjunctivitis, pancreatitis, photophobia, rhinorrhea, pruritis, hyperthermia, decreased libido, elevated BUN, albuminuria, hypercholesterolemia, elevated ALT (SGPT) and AST (SGOT), ectopic calcification, nephrocalcinosis, hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias.

IUPAC:
(1R, 3S, 5Z)-5-{2-[(1R, 3aS, 4E, 7aR)-7a-methyl-1-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-octahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene}-4-methylidenecyclohexane-1, 3-diol
ATC:
A11CC03
PubChem:
5282181
DrugBank:
DB01436
Formula:
C47H73NO17
Molecular Mass:
400.6371
Synonyms:
1-hydroxycholecalciferol 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3
SMILES:
CC(C)CCC[C@@H](C)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2C(CCC[C@]12C)=CC=C1C[C@@H](O)C[C@H](O)C1=C
AHFS Code:
28:16.0
InChi:
OFHCOWSQAMBJIW-AVJTYSNKSA-N

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